Nearly 170 years ago on February 19, 1847, the first rescuers reach
surviving members of the Donner Party, a group of California-bound emigrants stranded by snow in the
Sierra Nevada Mountains.
In the summer of 1846, a migration fever swept our country leading
pioneers to long for new cheaper settlements in the largely unsettled west. Families
started to move westward in wagon trains, leaving most of their belongings and
their families for the dream of better lives.
In the summer of 1846, 89 people--including 31 members of the Donner
and Reed families—packed up their children and what belongings they could fit
into a Conestoga type wagon and set out in a wagon train from Springfield, Illinois. After arriving at Fort Bridger, Wyoming, the emigrants made what was later
determined to be a fatal mistake and decided to avoid the usual route and try a
new trail recently blazed by California promoter Lansford Hastings, the
so-called "Hastings Cutoff." After electing George Donner as their captain,
the party departed Fort Bridger in mid-July. The shortcut was nothing of
the sort: It set the Donner Party back nearly three weeks and cost them
much-needed supplies. After suffering great hardships in the Wasatch Mountains,
the Great Salt Lake Desert and along the Humboldt River, they finally reached
the Sierra Nevada Mountains in early October. Despite the lateness of the
season, the emigrants continued to press on, and on October 28 they camped at
Truckee Lake, located in the high mountains northwest of Lake Tahoe. Overnight,
an early winter storm blanketed the ground with snow, blocking the mountain
pass and trapping the “Donner Party”.
Some members of the group stayed near the lake--now known as Donner
Lake--while the Donner family and others made camp six miles away at Alder
Creek. Using their wagons to make shelters and killing their oxen for food,
they hoped for a thaw that never came. Fifteen of the stronger emigrants, later
known as the Forlorn Hope, set out west on snowshoes for Sutter's Fort near San Francisco on December 16. Three weeks later, after
harsh weather and lack of supplies killed several of the expedition and forced
the others to resort to cannibalism, seven survivors reached a Indian
settlement from where they were able to send ahead for help.
A rescue party set out on January 31.
Arriving at Donner Lake 20 days later, they found the camp completely
snowbound and the surviving emigrants delirious with relief at their arrival.
Rescuers fed the starving group as well as they could and then began evacuating
them. Three more rescue parties arrived to help, but the return to Sutter's
Fort proved equally harrowing, and the last survivors didn't reach safety until
late April. Of the 89 original members of the Donner Party, only 45 realized
the dream of greener lands in the west.
What is largely unknown is that a George Donner entered land in Fugit
Township in Decatur County in 1821. Was
that the same George Donner who 25 years later packed up his family and became
the George Donner of “Donner Party” fame? There are still those who say it
was.
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